Intravenous infusion therapy is a method in which a certain amount of sterile solution is directly injected into a vein through an infusion device. The purpose of intravenous infusion is to correct the imbalance of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance; supplement nutrition and energy; inject liquid medicine to treat diseases; increase circulating blood volume and maintain blood pressure, etc.

The development of intravenous infusion therapy has gone through a long process. It began in the 17th century. After nearly 500 years of ups and downs, the 20th century gradually formed a complete system and became one of the most commonly used, most direct and effective clinical treatment methods.

The earliest record of human blood transfusion history is in 1492, Pope Innocent III, suffering from debilitating stroke, coma, and his doctor gave him blood from three 10-year-old boys, but the Pope did not benefit from it and died at the end of the year. .

From then on until 1628, British doctor William Harvey discovered the role of blood transport after many years of research, and put forward the theory about blood circulation, which laid a theoretical foundation for future generations to carry out intravenous infusion therapy, so he is also known as the originator of modern intravenous infusion therapy.

In 1656, British doctors Christopher Wren and Robert used the bladder as an infusion container, and used a feather tube to inject morphine into the veins of sick dogs to alleviate the dog’s pain and pioneered intravenous infusion therapy. It is the first case in history to inject drugs into the blood. In 1662, the German physician John successfully infused the drug into a human vein for the first time, but the patient failed to survive due to infection at the infusion site.

Since then, humans have tried various methods of blood transfusion treatment, but due to the lack of scientific theoretical basis, blood transfusion fatal incidents have emerged one after another. Therefore, European governments and churches have explicitly banned blood transfusion. In the 150 years since then, blood transfusion has turned into darkness.

Until the first half of the 19th century, a cholera epidemic was widespread in Europe. The biggest problem of cholera is dehydration due to excessive diarrhea and vomiting, which causes peripheral circulatory failure. Therefore, for the treatment of cholera, in addition to treatment of the cause, the key is to hydrate properly. So how to replenish water? The Scottish physician Thomas Latta thought, since blood is a kind of "liquid", why not try to inject the liquid directly into the blood to replenish water? On May 23, 1832, at Edinburgh Cholera Hospital on Drummond Street, Latta conducted the first intravenous infusion experiment. He gave a dying elderly woman an intravenous injection of 3000 ml of boiled saline, and her symptoms really improved, thus establishing the primary mode of intravenous infusion therapy in medical history.

In the second half of the 19th century, the famous French microbiologist Louis Pasteur discovered the phenomenon of microbial infections with the help of a microscope. On this basis, the founder and promoter of surgical disinfection, British doctor Joseph Lister established the theory and method of aseptic, so that intravenous infusion treatment finally got the safety guarantee.

In 1900, the American Austrian bacteriologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that when different blood is mixed, a coagulation reaction occurs. So far, the modern blood group system has been formally established, laying the foundation for the application of blood transfusion technology in the future, making intravenous blood transfusion become a safe first aid method.

However, what bothered doctors at the time was the infection and heat source during intravenous fluid treatment. Until 1923, Dr. Florence Seibert discovered the pyrogen in distilled water and used sterilization methods to effectively remove the pyrogen from the liquid. In 1925, the problem of pyrogen reaction in intravenous infusion was completely solved, which greatly improved the safety of intravenous infusion treatment. Since then, intravenous infusion therapy has entered a period of rapid development.

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